Grand Rapids White Water Summer Science and Leadership Camp

Grand Rapids White Water Summer Leadership Campers

Learning, Exploring and Making Connections with Science.

From the moment we all stood in a circle outside the main entrance to the Grand Rapids Public Museum, gathering on Day 1 for this year’s Grand Rapids White Water Summer Science and Leadership felt a bit different. Fourteen highschoolers, ages 16-18 from five different area schools, stood in a circle with typical nervousness and reserve we all experience in those awkward first moments with new groups. But in early summer 2021, something else could be felt too — a palpable sense of relief and an immediate sense of appreciation for getting back something that hadn’t been possible even just a few months before. We all felt it. The next two weeks were going to be special. 

Grand Rapids White Water Summer Leadership Camp

For two weeks each July, the GRWW Summer Science and Leadership Program invites a diverse group of students to explore the many layers of the River Restoration Project. Immediately, they see how what began as an idea to build a showcase piece of recreation (in the form of whitewater paddling) has evolved into something so much more: a chance to build a sustainable future for our city that simultaneously values healthy communities, ecosystems, and businesses. It is our hope that the program helps shape future citizens and leaders who have a heart and eye for making a positive difference in the world. 

After an obligatory round of a completely embarrassing name game, we headed inside and began what proved to be an incredible and fun two weeks. Students began interacting with the river immediately — identifying macroinvertebrates, playing with watershed mapping tools, and touring its banks. In the days that followed, they met a series of local leaders and discussed issues ranging from how to make the Grand River a place for all people to the ways city planning and government can be a powerful tool for the common good. We toured highly successful companies that have prioritized sustainability for both the wellbeing of their bottom line as well as the health and wellness of our city. 

Grand Rapids White Water Summer Leadership Camp

Soon we were back in the river. Unusually high water levels subsided (a little) and we once again donned waders and searched for freshwater mussels at Riverside Park. We paddled kayaks up and down the banks, looking for turtles and just enjoying a moment of relaxation together. Fisheries biologists shared their work with sturgeon and how the many fish populations will benefit from returning the rapids to the Grand. Our two weeks together went by quickly, and students spent their last day synthesizing these three elements of sustainability–people, planet, profits–and brainstorming their own ideas and making their own contributions to the project as it continues to move forward. 

Grand Rapids White Water Summer Leadership Camp

Every year, parents generously thank the program leaders for their work and tell us how much fun their child had over the past two weeks. But this year, there was an added layer here as well. Parents shared just how much being together, laughing, learning hands-on, and being inspired meant to their students.  Whether it was a heightened sense of excitement each day, dinnertime talk about what happened that day, or even a return of smiles that seemed fewer and farther between this past school year, it was clear that the program made an impact beyond its usual scope. 

Grand Rapids White Water Summer Leadership Campers

And we are already excited about next year! GRWW Summer Science and Leadership is open to incoming high school juniors and seniors (fall 2022). Applications for next year’s program will be available shortly after the new year. Mark your calendars and check back soon! We’d love to see you in the river next July. 

By: Guest author, David Koning

Instructor, GRWW Summer Science and Leadership camp at the GRPM

1928 Spillman Carousel Renovation Update

GRPM Team Carousel Deinstall

GRPM 's 1928 Spillman Carousel

The GRPM’s 1928 Spillman Carousel has been housed in the Cook Carousel Pavilion overlooking the Grand River for the last 27 years. It is an iconic piece of downtown Grand Rapids and a family favorite that has welcomed hundreds of thousands of visitors during this time.

Almost 100 years old, the Spillman Carousel began going through a much needed renovation in 2017, which includes mechanical and electrical upgrades, installation of 1,200 LED light bulbs, band organ repairs, and restoration of 53 horses and menagerie animals and two chariots. The project also includes several safety and accessibility upgrades. 

The GRPM looks forward to reopening the Carousel in the near future, but until then there is still much work to be done! While the Carousel is currently in the reinstallation process, let’s explore what the GRPM team has been working on over the past few months to help renovate this treasured artifact. 

Stripping the Paint off the 1928 Spillman Carousel Animals with Dave.

While some components of the 1928 Spillman Carousel were shipped to carousel experts to repair and upgrade, the Museum team has been busy beginning to restore the Carousel animals by hand, onsite at the Museum. Yes, by hand! 

Previously, the animals were painted with automotive paint, so the Museum team has been stripping the paint down to bare wood. Once the wood is exposed, team members were able to evaluate any damage on the animals, including cracks, dents & seams splitting in the foundation from normal wear and tear. As needed, the team has been repairing any broken limbs and accessories on all of the animals to ensure a safe riding experience for visitors, as well as pristine visual presentation! 

Painting the 1928 Spillman Carousel Animals with Stevie.  

Time to paint! The GRPM team was very intentional with keeping the newly painted Carousel animals as close to the original paint colors from the 1994 restoration, as possible. In order to do that, the team took documentation pictures of the animals to color match the original oil based paint to the water based paint. The team also traced the saddle patterns and decorative details to replicate with the new water based paint.

The first step is to apply a base coat of primer, followed by a base coat of color. Hand painting showcases the craftsmanship of the muscular structure and the detailed work that was put into the original animals. Hand painting with water based mural paint and the glazing & stippling allows the team to easily fix in the future when needed, without removing the animals from the Carousel to do this work.

Striping a 1928 Spillman Carousel Horse with Becky.

Striping is a technique where you use a striping brush to make more fine linework and edging. This process can be very tedious; the correct amount of paint has to be applied to create clean, even and solid lines. Becky did two layers of striping on this Carousel horse! 

Making Jewels with Carlos.

Carousel animals aren’t complete without the bling! Fun fact – one side of each animal is called the “romance” side. This side of the animal contains more elaborate carvings and decorations, including vibrant jewels. Throughout the restoration process, the GRPM team has been making the jewels by hand! Using a very intricate mix of epoxy along with other materials, this process creates the ideal consistency of liquid, suitable to fit the jewel molds.

Coming Soon!

The 1928 Spillman Carousel renovation is an ongoing project and the Museum continuously strives to ensure that all of its experiences are accessible and inclusive to the broadest population possible. The update will include bilingual signage and instructional recordings, as well as additional communication features for those who are blind or visually impaired or are deaf or hard of hearing.

Future upgrades will include the creation of a wheelchair accessible chariot and the integration of a ramp for access as the Museum. 

Help ensure the GRPM can offer the timeless 1928 Spillman Carousel experience to visitors of all ages for years to come?  Join us today to support the Spillman Carousel project with a financial donation. 

GRPM’s Immerse Celebration!

Immerse Students Exploring

Celebrating the 2020/2021 School Year.

The GRPM’s popular Immerse program has garnered participation from educators all over West Michigan. Hear from the GRPM’s Director of Edcucation about the beneftits of primary-source artifact learning and testimonies of educators who have enjoyed the program. 

Celebrating Volunteer Appreciation Week!

Volunteers smiling

GRPM Volunteer Appreciation!

In celebration of Volunteer Appreciation Week, the GRPM says thank you to our amazing volunteers who bring the Museum experience to life and help us in so many ways. 

Enjoy this video featuring two longtime GRPM volunteers, Larry and Marcie, and join us in congratulating Larry who is celebrating 25 years as a GRPM Volunteer!

Tuskegee Institute Magic Lantern Slides.

Tuskeegee Magic Lantern Slide

A Rare Discovery within the Collections.

A rare discovery was recently uncovered in the GRPM’s Collections 69 black and white, photographic magic lantern slides depicting the Tuskegee Institute at the turn of the 20th century. The Tuskegee Institute, now referred to as Tuskegee University, is a private, historically black university, located in Tuskegee, Alabama. It is well known for its first president, Booker T. Washington, as the home of scientist George Washington Carver and of the World War II era Tuskegee Airmen.

The GRPM made this discovery as staff were digitizing the magic lantern slide collection, a process made possible through a Museums for America grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS). Magic lantern slides are images printed on transparent glass plates that were used extensively in education and entertainment throughout the early 20th century. With the help of Dr. Randal Maurice Jelks, a local historian who has written about Booker T. Washington’s visits to Grand Rapids, the GRPM staff was able to confirm that the slides were indeed early images of Tuskegee.

Booker T. Washinton, Tuskegee Institute's first president

“Booker T. Washington in his efforts to build Tuskegee Institute under the harshest conditions of southern Jim Crow politics. Washington traveled throughout Michigan seeking support from industrialists, as well as wealthy Protestant churches. He came to Grand Rapids at least four times and made significant inroads into the city's businesses and religious communities. He was such an important figure in the city that there was a city-wide memorial for him when he died in 1915. Not everyone agreed with Washington’s political approach or methods in the city, but all respected that he was born under the lash of slavery and overcame barriers to build Tuskegee. Washington rose to international stature and offered hope to people on the African continent, in the English speaking Caribbean, and among Black Americans in the United State, of what was possible entrepreneurially and in the trades to overcome racial colonialism and racism. These slides represent that at one time, Grand Rapids was once seen on the national level, viewed by people outside the city, as semi-progressive abolitionist post civil war city.”

“We always get excited when we discover something like the Tuskegee slides in the Collection. But it is important to remember that we only have these objects today because our predecessors had the foresight to save them. This is what museums are all about, preserving the physical pieces of the past so that we can learn from and be inspired by them in new contexts today, and into the future. Magic Lantern Slides were a state of the art teaching tool one hundred years ago, but now they have another purpose of showing us what educators here in Grand Rapids were teaching their students over 100 years ago.”

Tuskegee Institute Magic Lantern Slide, Faculty Council
Faculty council in front of the Carnegie Hall, which housed the school's first library from 1901-1932.

The GRPM’s magic lantern slides were widely circulated in the Grand Rapids Public Schools district for decades as an engaging teaching tool that could transport students around the world. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the slides by researchers because of their role in the history of technology and as a visual resource for local historians. With support from IMLS, the GRPM will digitize, catalog and rehouse roughly 5,000 magic lantern slides over the next year. The slides can be viewed online at (https://www.grpmcollections.org/Detail/collections/335) and in addition to the Tuskegee slides, include images on national, state, and local topics such as “World War I”, “Lumbering in Michigan,” and “General Motors Grand Rapids Stamping Division. This project was made possible in part by the Institute of Museum and Library Services [MA-245291-OMS-20].

The Tuskegee Institute magic lantern slides, as well as over 190,000 artifacts and specimens, can be explored from anywhere, at any time on the GRPM’s digital Collections website, available at grpmcollections.org.

Windows GR Exhibit.

Windows GR Exhibit

Windows GR Exhibit.

The Museum purchased the three paintings from artists: Jalexia Stoutmyre, DeVante Barnes and Guillermo Sotelo, that were created specifically for the Windows GR Project. Windows GR is a public activation project, led by artists of color, that was created to highlight black voices and stories in response to the death of George Floyd, police brutality and systematic racism. Many artists worked collaboratively to paint the boarded up windows of businesses throughout downtown Grand Rapids over the summer of 2020. 

The three pieces of artwork are now a permanent part of the GRPM Collections

Hear from the artists about their experience creating their pieces, on their artwork being a part of  the GRPM and more. 

See the exhibit on your next visit! Included with general admission. 

Perseverance Rover to Arrive on Mars!

Mars Perseverance Landing Site

Searching for Signs of Life on Mars.

Last fall, the GRPM published a blog post about the Mars opposition. Opposition is the closest approach between Earth and Mars as they make their respective orbits around the Sun. It happens about every 26 months and is also the ideal time to launch a spacecraft to Mars. During the last opposition, NASA launched Mars 2020; this is the first NASA mission with the specific goal of studying past habitability of the planet.

The mission’s expected landing date of Thursday, February 18 is approaching quickly. After 7 months and 300 million miles, this is the perfect time to explore this mission in more detail and find out how you can watch the Mars landing!

Perseverance and Ingenuity at Mars.

The new Mars rover, called Perseverance, is built on the same six-wheel design as the Curiosity rover. What makes Perseverance unique is the new array of science instruments that focus on astrobiology. These instruments include 23 cameras and microphones, as well as radar to search for minerals just below the Martian surface. A spectrometer called SHERLOC will search for organic compounds. Perseverance is also fitted with a drilling system to collect samples and seal them in air-tight containers that a future spacecraft can collect and return to Earth. However, Perseverance is quite capable of studying the samples on its own, too. The Mars rover is a rolling science laboratory slightly smaller than a compact car.

Mars Perseverance Rover_NASA
Mars Perseverance Rover, Photo Credit: NASA

Another experiment, called MOXIE, will attempt to produce oxygen from the carbon dioxide Martian atmosphere. In principle, a scaled-up version of this experiment could produce breathable air for human astronauts.

The mission also includes a technology demonstration of the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter. Ingenuity is a small helicopter drone that will attempt the first flight on another planet. Ingenuity can help Perseverance map out the Martian surface and find the best path to travel.

Was There Life on Mars?

There is no hard evidence of past or present life on Mars, but it is still a good place to search for life because it had conditions similar to the Earth’s, approximately 3-4 billion years ago. Also, because Mars lacks plate tectonics, parts of its surface remain relatively unchanged since that time period. If there was life, it is possible evidence remains very close to the surface. In the distant past, Mars had oceans of liquid water and a carbon dioxide atmosphere. Martian ground features from this time period show abundant evidence of liquid water including erosion, drainage basins and river deltas.

On February 18, Perseverance will land on Jezero Crater, a 45 km-wide basin that was once a lake filled with water. It is an ideal place to search for evidence of Martian life, although it is very unlikely that Perseverance would find any microorganisms currently living on Mars. While there is evidence that Mars may have been habitable in the past, it certainly does not have Earth-like conditions today. For starters, there is no magnetosphere. The Earth’s spinning iron-nickel core creates a magnetic force field. This magnetic field protects Earth’s life from most of the Sun’s deadly radiation. Mars has further problems which stem from this lack of a magnetosphere; without a magnetosphere, Mars’ atmosphere and water vapor was blown away by solar radiation over the course of a couple billion years. Today, the Martian atmosphere is less than 1% of the pressure of Earth’s atmosphere. That is too thin for liquid water on the surface. If an astronaut visitor were to open a water bottle on Mars, it would instantly boil away due to the vacuum. Today, Martian water exists as ice on the north and south poles, and small amounts underground.

Jezero Crater
Jezero Crater, Photo Credit: NASA

In 2018, the satellite Mars Express reported a subglacial lake of liquid water on the south pole of Mars. This stable body of water was under the glacial ice. It is probably very salty, otherwise it would not be able to stay liquid in the -110°C Martian winters. If there is liquid water, there is a small chance microorganisms could still live in this underground refuge.

The search continues!

Where to Watch the Perseverance Landing.

The Perseverance landing will be live streamed by NASA TV on February 18, starting at 2:15 EST.

By: Jack Daleske, the GRPM’s Planetarium Manager

Celebrating International Day of Women and Girls in Science.

Dr Stephanie Ogren, GRPM's Vice President of Science and Education

An Interview with the GRPM’s Vice President of Science & Education.

Today, February 11 marks the celebration of International Day of Women and Girls in Science. Implemented by UNESCO and UN-Women, in collaboration institutions and civil society partners, this day is an opportunity to promote full and equal access to and participation in science for women and girls.*

Learn from the GRPM’s Vice President of Science & Education, Dr. Stephanie Ogren, about the importance of making science education accessible for curious minds of all ages. 

What is your favorite part about working in science education at the Museum? 

Designing and sharing programs for the public! We get to interact with a large cross-section, from K-12 students to the general public. Finding ways to engage a diverse audience, while sharing relevant science topics is exciting. Making science fun and accessible is rewarding, and it fills a need within our society.

Creepy Chemistry Experiment
Creepy Chemistry Experiment

What is your favorite program at the Museum?  

I enjoy when we are able to host others in the community to share their stories; that is when the Museum is at its best and fulfilling its mission. For example, when we had women scientists come in to share their experiences with students, it really allows for an authentic connection to people in our community that are doing amazing work. By having scientists talk about their struggles, fears and successes, it shows students that there are many paths that are available to them and that scientists are not all the same.

Young Women in Science Panel
Young Women in Science Panelists: Photo taken pre-COVID

How does the GRPM encourage visitors to pursue science?

We have many points of entry for learners of all ages. We have programs, events and exhibits as an institution that tie together the ideas of science, history and culture. I believe by focusing on big themes and multiple perspectives, we can interest a diverse audience.

Under the Arctic Exhibit, Open through Spring 2021

Are you working on any fun, local projects right now that support science education? 

I am really excited to continue working on the Grand River. The Museum and many partners are working on documenting the fish and bug communities as well as specifically seeking to document Lake Sturgeon in the river system. We do this by going out in a boat at night, while using spotlights to visually look for them (fish) in habitats that we know they use. If we locate one, we will try to net it and tag it. We have not yet located one in the Grand River.

If we catch one, we will share the process on social media! 

Dr. Stephanie Ogren Night Fishing
Dr. Stephanie Ogren and Bill Flanagan (John Ball Zoo) on the Grand River at Night

Tell us how the community can get involved in science local projects. 

We are working on an amazing citizen science project related to the Grand Rapids White Water River Revitalization project. The public can help us collect data that will be used to document river use now and in the future. We started this project last year and with about 25 volunteers were able to document people using the river on a daily basis. We will again be coordinating the effort and plan to have training for new volunteers in May. Volunteers are asked to walk approximately 1 mile along the river in downtown Grand Rapids and count the number of people fishing in different sections. This will provide a baseline so when the river habitat is altered due to the rehabilitation we will be able to see if it alters where and when people use the river.

Student near the Grand River
Student Researching the Grand River

Source: “International Day of Women and Girls in Science” (UNESCO.org, 2020).

Documenting U.S. President History.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Visiting Grand Rapids

Explore the GRPM's Presidential Memorabilia.

The inauguration of Joe Biden as the 46th president of the United States of America and Kamala Harris, as the nation’s first female, woman of color vice president, is taking place today, January 20, 2021. To commemorate this important event, the GRPM is actively collecting artifacts that capture this historic transition of power and the uniqueness of an election that took place during a global pandemic. These artifacts will become a part of GRPM’s permanent Collections and will be preserved, so future generations can learn about this significant time period in U.S. history.

Did you know? The GRPM’s Collections contain artifacts related to every U.S. President! Some of these objects demonstrate the significant role of Michigan voters in U.S. elections, including campaign photos of visits to Grand Rapids by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, with First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and President Harry Truman. Explore the GRPM’s Collections to find a custom top hat that was designed by L.W. Heath, a Grand Rapids hatmaker, for President James A. Garfield in 1881.

Of course, President Gerald R. Ford, who was raised in Grand Rapids, is well represented with special artifacts like a 1976 campaign cane gifted to Henry J. Danielski by Ford himself. Danielski, a World War II veteran, experienced a leg injury during the war and when Ford noticed his limp, he generously gave him (Danielski) the cane to help him walk. In more recent years, items from presidents Barack Obama, Donald Trump and Joe Biden will include physical objects, digital images, emails and social media clippings representing the new methods presidents use to communicate and connect with the American people.

The GRPM’s Presidential Memorabilia Collection also contains many items dating back to the country’s first president, George Washington, as well as the founding fathers. This rare souvenir ring contains a lock of George Washington’s hair, symbolizing the great sense of loss and mourning following the death of a beloved president.

Other objects range from mass-produced campaign items like buttons, lawn signs and souvenir postcards to more unique pieces such as the Columbian Peace Plow. The Peace Plow is a treasured artifact and was created for the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893, by John Deere & Company, at the request of the Daughters of the American Revolution. It contains a nail taken from the room Thomas Jefferson, the third U.S. president, drafted the Declaration of Independence in along with other relics from Thomas Edison, William Penn and others.

Have a unique piece of political memorabilia you would like to donate to GRPM? Share your item by visiting grpm.org/contactcollections. Explore GRPM’s Presidential Memorabilia Collection for inspiration!

The GRPM has an artifact associated with each president of the United States. Click any president’s name below to learn more!

Year President
1789-1797
1797-1801
1801-1809
1809-1817
1817-1825
1825-1829
1829-1837
1837-1841
1841
1841-1845
1845-1849
1849-1850
1850-1853
1853 -1857
1857-1861
1861-1865
1865-1869
1869-1877
1877-1881
1881
1881-1885
1885 – 1889
1889-1893
1893-1897
1897-1901
1901-1909
1909-1913
1913-1921
1921-1923
1923-1929
1929-1933
1933-1945
1945-1953
1953-1961
1961-1963
1963-1969
1969-1974
1974-1977
1977-1981
1981-1989
1989-1993
1993-2001
2001-2009
2009-2017
2017-2021
2021-

By: Andrea Melvin, GRPM’s Collections Curator

Winter Stargazing!

Orion Nebula

The Stars are Coming to Life in West Michigan.

Winter offers some of the most exciting sights for a stargazer in West Michigan. For astronomers in the area, winter stargazing is often much more rewarding than summer. Of course, you have to be willing to bundle up and spend time outside in winter in the middle of the night, but if you are curious and the weather cooperates, an adventure awaits! 

The Greatest Conjunction.

In astronomy, a conjunction is when two planets appear close together in the sky. A conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn only occurs every 19.6 years, and the next conjunction will take place on December 21 this year.  This will be the closest Great Conjunction since 1623 when Galileo, the first person to point a telescope at the sky, was still alive.

Stargazers who are fortunate enough to see this year’s event, will be a part of a historically important time for astronomy. If you are stargazing in West Michigan, Jupiter and Saturn will be too low to our horizon to easily see the conjunction, but stargazers located at lower latitudes will have the best chance to view.

However, you can still go outside until December 21 to watch the progress of Jupiter and Saturn. Every night, Jupiter and Saturn will inch closer and closer together. In fact, it will be possible to see both planets and their moons in the same telescope field of view! 

Spectacular Winter Stars.

Now let’s explore the Winter Circle, a collection of constellations currently visible to the southeast after sunset.

The constellation Orion the Hunter is the key to the Winter Circle. Orion is one of the most recognizable constellations consisting of bright stars in an instantly recognizable pattern. If you can find three stars in a row, that is Orion’s belt. On one side of the belt is the bright red supergiant Betelguese (beetle-guys), and on the other side, the bright blue supergiant Rigel.

Just below the belt is a cluster of faint, blurry stars. The blurriness, which astronomers call “nebulosity” is the Great Orion Nebula. The Orion Nebula is best viewed through a telescope where one can see a vast cloud of gas illuminated by the stars within it.

A novice stargazer can use Orion’s belt to direct them toward other constellations. To roughly follow the belt to the east we can find Sirius in Canis Major. It doesn’t line up exactly, but it is easy to find because Sirius is the brightest star in our night sky. To follow the belt to the east, we can spot the bright red star Aldeberan, another red supergiant. Aldeberan is the eye of Taurus the Bull. In the shoulder of the bull, you have the Pleiades star cluster. The Pleiades cluster is best viewed through binoculars that allow you to see the close group of bright blue stars.

Over the head of Orion, you can find a circular constellation Auriga the Charioteer with the bright star Capella. Nearby is the constellation Gemini which looks like two stick figures holding hands. In Gemini, you can find the twin stars Pollux and Castor. Canis Minor isn’t very recognizable as a dog, but the bright star Procyon (pro-sion) is easy to spot.

Winter Constellations
Source: Stellarium, 12/16/20 at 7:00pm. Jupiter and Saturn are already very low to the southwest. Also in the screenshot, you can see the Summer Triangle which will set earlier in the west each night.

Why Winter?

The winter sky offers some of the most rewarding sights for a backyard stargazer for two main reasons:

The air is less humid in the winter time, making the stars appear brighter than in the summer. Cold air holds less moisture than warm air, which is why you can find dew on the grass after a cool fall night. The water molecules in humid air absorbs and scatters light — especially red light — making the stars dimmer. Humidity in the Earth’s atmosphere is a nightmare for astronomers and West Michigan is a fairly humid place. Even if you have a night without cloud cover, humidity can cause problems for astronomers.

Many of the most impressive astronomical sights are visible in the evening sky during the winter because of where our solar system is located in relation to other stars in our galaxy. At the GRPM’s Chaffee Planetarium, the staff often share how the Earth’s yearly movement around the sun points Earth in different directions of space. During winter in the northern hemisphere, western Michigan is pointed at an area of space which, by chance, has bright astronomical objects which are relatively close to the Earth.

These impressive sights include the most visible nebula – the Great Orion Nebula, the brightest star in the sky – Sirius, and the Pleiades star cluster – the most visible of its kind.

The winter sky also includes a few more bright stars which are close to us, including the brightest star in the night sky, Sirius. Only 8.6 light years away, Sirius is one of the closest stars to our Sun, while also being a large main sequence star (about twice the size of our Sun and 25 times more luminous). An interesting side note, Sirius will approach closer to our Sun over the next 60,000 years, making it even brighter for a patient astronomer.

In the same direction, we will see Procyon, also a bright and close star at about 12 light years away. There is also the Orion Nebula which is further away at 1,500 light years but that is still the closest large region of star formation. In fact, the Orion Nebula is faintly visible to the naked eye.

If you have ever looked up at the winter stars and thought they seemed somehow brighter or more magical, you were right. Winter in West Michigan offers a view of some of the most dynamic sights astronomy can offer. By learning the constellations of the Winter Circle, you can explore these sights for years to come.

Happy stargazing!

By: Jack Daleske, the GRPM’s Planetarium Manager

Cover image source: NASA, ESA, M. Robberto (Space Telescope Science Institute/ESA) and the Hubble Space Telescope Orion Treasury Project Team